1. Students lack sufficient knowledge of the: - role of creativity in science
- functions of scientific models
- role of theories and their relation to research
- distinctions among hypothesis, laws, and theories
- the relationship between experimentation, models and theories, and absolute truth
- the fact that science in not solely concerned with the collection and classification of facts
- what constitutes a scientific explanation
- the interrelationships among and the interdependence of the different branches of science.
Lederman, N. G. (1992). Students' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science: A review of research. Science and Mathematics Education, 29 (4), 331-359. Oregon State University.